Integrated Steel Mills
The primary use of Iron Ore is in the production of steel. In the Integrated Steel Mill process Iron Ore is blended with Limestone and Metallurgical Coking Coal in a blast furnace to produce molton steel or Pig Iron.
The hot metal is typically formed into a Steel Billet as an intermediate step prior to conversion into various steel products such as Sheet, Plate, Rod & Bar.
The addition of Mill Prepared Steel Scrap into the integrated process improves the economics, efficiency and yield of the steel output.

Blast Furnace Slag (BFS)
The primary By-Product generated from Integrated Steel Mills is Blast Furnace Slag (BFS). One common use of BFS is as an Aggregate or direct replacement for natural stone gravel. An alternative use of BFS is as feedstock for the Cement industry.
Blast furnace slags are also used to produce mineral wools and insulation products.

Mill Scale
The oxidized surface scale residue generated at the rolling mill when processing Steel Billet. The Mill scale by-product may be recirculated back into the primary blast furnace cycle.

Green Steel
The production of steel with a reduced carbon footprint is referred to as Green Steel.
The roasting of Coal in coke ovens to produce MET COKE are a source which releases large amounts of CO2 emissions. Capturing these emissions could harness untapped energy.

The use of Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) or Green Hydrogen replaces traditional fossil fuels and results in the reduction of the carbon footprint.

The reduction of iron oxide (iron ore) using a REDOX Displacement Reaction may be one method of carbon free iron production.